Cub A Very Amazing Country With An Interesting Culture And...

Cuba Cuba is a very amazing country with an interesting culture and history. The island of Cuba was discovered by Columbus in 1492 and was claimed for the Kingdom of Spain. When Columbus discovered Cuba, he actually thought he was in India. The Cuban Revolution took place in 1959. This led to the downfall of the regime of General Fulgencio Batista. The Revolution refers to the social and economic programs implemented by the new government and the execution of the Marxist policies. Fidel Castro would become the Prime Minister of Cuba in 1959 after many, long, hard fought battles. He was one of the key players in leading the Cuban Revolution to success. Home to nearly 11 million people, Cuba has a mixed population, with 1% Chinese, 11%†¦show more content†¦The current capital of Cuba is Havana. Cuba is famous for its beautiful beaches. This is one of the most popular forms of tourism in Cuba. The coastlines have soft white sand and the water is an electrifying blue color. They are also known for their coral reefs and cays. There are no plants or animals in Cuba that are poisonous or lethal to humans. The official flower is the Butterfly Jasmine, while the national bird is Tocororo. The official tree is the Royal Palm. The best time to visit the island is from the month of November to April. Cuba enjoys a tropical climate, meaning the weather is hot and humid throughout the year. Tourists should avoid visiting during the rainy season, and also it is occasionally hit by hurricanes, as it does lie in the hurricane belt. Cuba’s main religion is Roman Catholic. Another common religion is Santeria, which is a mixture of Yoruba religion of the African slaves, and the Native Americans. Membership in Protestant churches is about 5%. For the past forty years, education has been a top priority for the Cuban government. Cuba keeps a student to teacher ratio of 12 to 1. Teachers are very active in their communities. They build strong relationships with parents and the families to enhance the learning process. Equal opportunity for a high quality education for all students is a key factor in the success of their education. Many schools open at 6:30 am and close at 6:30 pm,

Kid s Gardening Classes For Summer 2008 - 1788 Words

Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 are the perfect solution for an adventure for the young gardener in your home. Summer Camp for the Young Horticulturist is a great opportunity for kids to join their peers who also enjoy working in the garden and cultivating new life through growing plants. Having the ability to grow something is a special talent and kids with Green Thumbs know well the fulfillment of watching a plant grow from a seedling to a full-fledged plant. The Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 provides a unique environment among others who love and enjoy the art of gardening under the tutelage of an experienced gardener. The Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 will be held June 23rd through 27th between the hours of 9:00AM and 12:00PM. This particular class is designed for children between the grades pf 2nd to 4th. The fee for attendance in the Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 is $150.00 per child. The Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 include a well- rounded curriculum including learning to grow fruits, vegetables and flowering plants. Campers learn all the basics of gardening including learning about the life cycle of nature. Other important aspects learned in the Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 include learning about nutrition as it pertains to fresh vegetables. Other learning aspects of the Kid s Gardening Classes for Summer 2008 include campers learning how to start a raised garden bag, working with organic pestShow MoreRelatedUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesAmongst UAE Consumers 3 Generation of Newly Thrifty UAE Consumers 3 Rental Rates Plummet Across the Uae, Adding To Consumer Disposable Income 4 Environmentally Friendly Consumers on the Rise in UAE 5 Consumer Segmentation 6 Babies and Infants 6 Kids 7 Tweenagers 7 Teens 8 Twenty-somethings 10 Thirty-somethings 10 Middle-aged Adults 11 Older Population 12 Table 1 Consumer Segmentation: 2005-2009 12 Table 2 Consumer Segmentation: 2010-2020 13 People 13 Population 13 Marital Status 14 Read MoreAccounting 1-4 Chapter100452 Words   |  402 Pagespersonal legal liability: Corporation. Tax advantages: Sole proprietorship and partnership. Easier to transfer ownership: Corporation. Action Plan †¢ Know which organizational form best matches the business type, size, and preferences of the owner(s). Action Plans give you tips about how to approach the problem. Related exercise material: BE1-1 and Do it! 1-1. Users and Uses of Financial Information The purpose of financial information is to provide inputs for decision making. AccountingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageselectronic music of the gay clubs of Chicago and New York. The new style had been picked up by British DJs in Ibiza, who combined it with the drug Ecstasy to create a new ‘blissed-out’ sound. Dance music arrived in the UK during 1988, the so-called ‘Second Summer of Love’, strongly associated with recreational drugs. By the early 1990s, drug-dealing in its most ugly sense had become part of the dance culture. Palumbo recalled: When I came into this business, with my bonuses and my nice City suits, I was completely

Thomson (Easysource) Development of an E-Procurement System Free Essays

What business is the organization in? Thomson is a French company, created in 1883, whose headquarters are in Issy les Moulineaux, near Paris. It is specialized in the conception and the manufacturing of digital images and videos systems. The company developed itself in the world to be present in different countries, such as Italy, India, China, Spain, USA, Belgium and UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomson (Easysource) : Development of an E-Procurement System or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has about 73 000 employees dispatched over 230 sites, including more than 60 factories. Its sites are distributed around 10 countries but the company sells its goods and services to 100 countries. We can also notice that Thomson is a real leader in the innovation system, as it owns 35 000 patents worldwide representing around 6 000 inventions. The group sells its products and services through 4 major brands which are Thomson, RCA, Grass Valley and Technicolor. The 2 last brands allowed the company to take advantage of the digital technology’s global transition In the late 80s and the early 90s, Thomson was dedicated to Electronic oriented activities for both everyone and activities oriented to professional. After different plans of restructuration and reorganization, in 1997, Thomson decided to focus on the production of key components and electronic products (representing about 98% of its turnover). Since 2000, the company opens to the Medias and entertainment industry focusing on creation, management and content distribution. Thomson’s aim is about becoming a leading worldwide group of integrated solutions for media and entertainment industries. In order to gather this goal, Thomson decided to turn to e-procurement in 2001. What products are bought via e-procurement? In order to well understand the company we are going to develop the main purchases operated by the group. We have the production purchases (such as the electronic components, material and so one), that represents 70% of the total purchases. Then, we have the non-production purchases (maintenance, transportation and so one). Thomson developed its e-procurement system, with EasySource, around this second kind of purchases. Indeed, non- production purchases are divided as follow: oNon-production purchases outside EasySource: Licenses, Guarantees, Customer Marketing, Other. Non-production purchases inside EasySource: oTransport, oEnergy, oSoftware, oIT and Telecoms, oProperty and tenant services, oExternal services, oMarketing, communication and advertising, oManufacturing supply, oInvestment, oTravel oOther So, those non-production purchases are items that are difficult to manage for companies as they are really diversified and need to be well analyzed. As a consequence they are very co stly as they need competent people to deal with them and quite a lot of people due to their diversification. That is why Thomson has recourse to e-procurement with EasySource for such purchases What savings were realized? The following shows that the solution at its completion should bring 150 million of euros: EasySource allows Thomson to save around 80 million per year. First, we can look at the following table showing us a few results from before and after the use of EasySource by Thomson: â€Å" Before EasySourceAfter EasySource Active suppliers per buyer10050 Percentage of active suppliers approved by the State10,0%100,0% Percentage of purchases generated with small suppliers40,0%10,0% Percentage of transactions via e-commerce3,0%60,0% Percentage of purchases under agreements50,0%95,0% Number of suppliers for indirect purchases360007000 % of indirect suppliers which represent 90% of the total amount of purchases30,0%10,0% † Such data easily show us the great impact that Easysource had on the company. For example the number of active supplier per buyer was divided by 2. Moreover, Transactions via e-commerce went up from 3% to 60%. E-commerce is much more profitable to company as it cost much less than traditional commerce. How were those savings realized? By implementing EasySource, Thomson developed a unique centralized tool for every user that brings important savings for the company. There are 3 main points that explain how those saving were realized. The first one is the control of the purchase condition. Indeed, it is easier to explain et order exactly what you want, avoiding mistakes. You can also negotiate ask to different suppliers and see which one offer you the best program. Then, you have a global improvement of the running. As everything is taking place on a unique platform, it is easier to make sure for example that you can have what needed or to compare the products through different suppliers. Finally, last but not least, the system allows the improvement of the productivity such as the reduction of the number of suppliers. And it make it easier to change of suppliers when findings others more profitable. EasySource was first develop in 2001 and followed 3 steps. The â€Å"Pilot phase† was quick as it wanted to show that the concept was realistic and would bring many advantages to the company. It was also to see and learn how he system worked. So, Thomson developed the process on 3 key areas (Asia, Europe and America) and enrolled the 10 major suppliers of each of those areas. The second phase was the â€Å"large-scale deployment phase† aiming to develop the solution worldwide. It lead 3 stages at the same time : implementing he concept on 110 sites, massive enrollment of the suppliers while rationalizing and focusing on ad hoc purchasing rather than catalogue purchasing. Finally, the last step was â€Å"the capitalization and user adoption phase† that allow EasySource to become today the common and unique solution for non-production purchases. For this final stage the main point was to convince everyone to use EasySource for their transactions and to improve the use rate per family of product. To conclude all those points allow a better understanding and following of the purchases. In other words, it means a gain about money through the reduction of management costs and the negotiation and validation processes What problems occurred during the implementation process? The major problem faced by the company, while implementing the process, was to catalogue all the suppliers. Indeed, the suppliers for non-production purchases are numerous and complex due to the large panel of family products. Then another problem that occurred was the access to the networks and to Internet. It might was already present on some areas, but it was also needed all over the world where the company is present. So, Thomson had to modernize its network infrastructures, as it was the first trial of some intranet database for the group. Thomson also add to inform both its workforce, suppliers and buyer to its new system. This problem was easily compensated thanks to a strong communication strategy and a real effort to get the portal o be easily used and understood by its users. How to cite Thomson (Easysource) : Development of an E-Procurement System, Papers

Pages book review free essay sample

Common Sense, and the Turning Point to American Independence. Running Press. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 2003. Imagine having a front row seat, or better yet, a hand in what Is considered to be the one of the greatest moments In history. Scott Lull Is able to provide his audience that experience through his written account of the spectacular events that led to the signing of The Declaration of Independence. The authors task is to try to put into words the frustrations of Englishman Thomas , who is well versed in what is going on in the world of politics. He is fed up with the Iron fist ruling methods of the British government, and wants change. At the recommendation of . Benjamin Franklin, Pain embarks upon a Journey to the American colonies arriving in Pennsylvania in late 1775 to explore the available opportunities (43). Ultimately landing a job as a ghost writer for a new monthly publication, it Is here that Pain realizes that people are interested in what he has to say. We will write a custom essay sample on Pages book review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He has found an outlet for his voice as a political advocate and is becoming popular amongst his peers (51). The essential challenge Is America gaining Its Independence from the British tyrannical ruler-ship. This is developed because commoners realized that they really had no voice in a monarchical government that was essentially ruled by the king and parliament (75-76). This is further developed in the text as the Americans realize that they are entitled to their liberty and independence.The author shows how Paint, as a writer, is able to make valid argument for the people and publish a piece of work that gets the attention they need to have their voices heard. HIS thesis of America being entitled to Its Independence Is tested by the popularity of Thomas political writings, and proven by his publishing of 46 Pages. This book is extremely significant in confronting the issue of Americas independence in 1776. It shows that the tenacity of one person working towards change can be highly effective If they can validate their arguments.Lisles presentation of Thomas story Is presented In a scholarly fashion. It Is well written, and very informative. Lisles style of writing is very detailed; it gives a sense as if he were witnessing the events he wrote about. Thomas presentation of 46 Pages is also written in a scholarly fashion because it is informational to its audience of that time period. In my opinion, the text does not show signs of bias; however, there is a as well his general knowledge of history.Being an immigrant who fled because of British rule, Thomas uses his firsthand experiences as his source to plead his cases of unfairness and oppression. The book is coherent, logical and it gives an in- depth look at the early years of Thomas , and follows him chronologically throughout his history-making Journey. The book seems to be intended for the general public because students will gain knowledge from its contents and the mature audience will gain an appreciation for the efforts that were put into the process of life and liberty in America. I would recommend this book to others because of its informational value. I found facts about . Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and ultimately Thomas that I was not aware of before reading the book. Other scholars that have reviewed this book consider it a must read and call it a pivotal piece of literature because of its informational value and its significant role in the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Tony Liang 6th period Essays - Economy, Petroleum Politics

Tony Liang 6th period The World's Greatest Con As Americans, we take great pride for living in a democratic society, free of government tyranny. In fact, the United States values such ideologies to a point that we would take matters into our own hands when there are oppressive regimes commit crimes that us, westerners view as inhumane and unethical -- whether it's through military intervention or economic sanctions. America is the world's premier superpower, hence we feel there is a certain obligation that we should be the "police of the world" and enforce rules that we believe to be right. This is extremely ironic; for the United States has a long history of installing dictators in countries where there is economic or social-political interest. One of our closest allies, Saudi Arabia, is one of the few remaining monarchs with absolute power, but we turn a blind eye, even though we acknowledge that fact that many of the citizens there do not have the basic human rights such as freedom of speech and women not having the equal rights as men. The Saudi regime even committed genocide to Shia muslims, a minority groups. In current day society, we view such immense atrocities as a thing in the past, but it is still common dilemma humanity has yet to solve. Most people are unaware of this, not because we're ignorant, but because news corporations in the United States, which are owned by extremely rich and powerful individuals, and are often in shady cahoots with various governments that simply do not want us to know. The relationship between the America and Saudi Arabia is ver y straightforward. The US provides military assistance and helps Saudi Arabia become the dominate power in the Middle East through intentionally causing turmoil in the region; in return the Saudi's help the US straggle it's enemies by opposing sanctions and not selling oil to them. As a matter of fact, some serious under-the-table deals are going on right now. Oil prices have plunged nearly 50% since this June, to around 57 dollars per barrel. Many may believe this is due simple laws of economics in effect, where there is not enough demand and too much supply. But coincidentally, the United State's former Cold War enemy and current threat(at least that's what our government wants us to believe), Russia, is experiencing a free-fall of their currency to an all time low. It is a well known fact that oil and natural gas is the backbone and livelihood of the Russian economy. Another so-called threat is Iran, also having its economy directly tied with oil revenues, is also being targeted. Currently, there are some high profile talks on Russia's intervention in Ukraine and Iran's nuclear program. The big picture is extremely clear now. The US wants to attack its enemies where it hurts the most. What better way to do it than to cut off oil revenue from OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). This is a political move is directly aimed to validating the US as the supreme power. You might be thinking, isn't the US a major exporter of oil? So why would it shoot itself in the foot? And how does being a "superpower" really benefit the US. The answer is simple. Money. To be specific, US currency. The US currency is the worlds default currency, hence lets say China wants to import some maple syrup from Canada. To complete this business deal, they would have to exchange their currency to dollars and the transaction proceeds. Thus giving the US dollar massive artificial value and demand. This is extremely beneficial for America. Not only does this allow us to buy cheap goods from developing countries, but it also establishes "trust" and "reliance" on the US dollar, hence many people think US currency is a "safe" investment. This makes our debt extremely cheap, somewhere close to 0, which in turn fuel our unsustainable standard of living. After the the US dollar rating dropped from AAA rating, our debt has actually gotten cheaper. Because Europe is on the verge o f financial breakdown, the Middle East is in great turmoil, and China's double digit growth figures is running out of steam. One Russian women

How to Generate a Unique ID in PHP

How to Generate a Unique ID in PHP A unique user ID can be created in PHP using the uniqid () function. This function has two parameters  you can set. The first is the prefix, which is what will be appended to the beginning of each ID. The second is more_entropy. If this is false or not specified, it will return 13 characters; if its  true, 23 characters will be returned. Examples For Creating a Unique ID Below are examples of creating a unique user ID, but each are a little different. The first creates a normal unique ID while the second shows how to make a longer ID. The third example creates an ID with a random number as the prefix while the last line can be used to encrypt the username before storing it. //creates a unique id with the about prefix $a uniqid(about); echo $a; echo br; //creates a longer unique id with the about prefix $b uniqid (about, true); Echo $b; echo br; //creates a unique ID with a random number as a prefix - more secure than a static prefix $c uniqid (rand (),true); echo $c; echo br; //this md5 encrypts the username from above, so its ready to be stored in your database $md5c md5($c); echo $md5c; ?

Rolls-Royce Aviation and the Development of TotalCare Case Study

Rolls-Royce Aviation and the Development of TotalCare - Case Study Example As the paper outlines over a period of just a few years, Rolls-Royce managed to be a compliant supplier to American Airlines and found significant business success and profitability in the process. However, Rolls-Royce maintained a strong thirst for extra profit and began to assume more risk than they originally thought they could handle. Such total care packages, as that of American Airlines, required significant internal investment into labour, facilities management and even technical support in order to provide this new extended service and maintenance contract philosophy. Realising that Rolls-Royce had found success, their largest competitors began to change their own business models to reflect similar total care packages to the B2B customers. This eroded the short-term competitive advantage which had been recently held by Rolls-Royce and threatened their market share. Added to this the costs of maintaining maintenance workshops, Rolls-Royce required a new competitive advantage i n order to remain an engine sales leader in this airline industry. This paper discusses that Rolls-Royce has focused the majority of its efforts into innovating actual service delivery to its customers, but has failed to create a marketing strategy which appeals to the psychographic characteristics of its clients. The company does not understand how to utilise promotion effectively to make the sales agreements more of a client relationship which provides mutual value to both businesses. Thus, the business has lost its previous competitive edge.

Task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Task 2 - Essay Example number of customers as at January 2013 and subtracting the number of customers as at January 2012, in order to find the customer gain in the time period of 2012-2013 ( Anon, 2006) Churn Rate† This metric is given as a ratio between the number of customers a business losses over a specified period, over the number of customers that were there at the beginning of the start period. In short form, Gburn= Gt/Cat. Where; In relation to the Alnahdi group – Mize Company, the churn rate can be used appropriately in business marketing analytics in order to find a figure that can depict how the business is performing in regard its customer value over a given time. Retention Rate: This is defined as the ratio of the number of active customers at the end of the period to the number of clients at the start of the period time. In shortened form, it can be written as: Retention Rate = Ca/Cat   where, In relation to the Alnahdi group – Mize Company, the ratio would show how active the company’s customers have grown or reduced from the start of the period to its end. For instance, the ratio could be calculated by finding the number of active customers as at July 2013 and then dividing it by the number of active customers as at July 2012, in order to find the retention rate for the time period from July 2013- July 2014. As outlined above, this metric is used to find the number of customers that an organization gains within a certain period. There are various reasons that can make the number of customers for a given organization to either increase or decrease. These factors vary from customer experience, quality of products an organization offers, the additional benefits a particular group gives its customers and so forth. This metric can be analyzed in regard to the Alnahdi group – Mize Company in order to calculate the increment of the number of customers that can be associated with any of the above-mentioned factors (Carter, 2011). Taking an example, in the month

Patient Isolated And Public Health Investigations Assignment

Patient Isolated And Public Health Investigations - Assignment Example   The CDC confirms Europe based tourist who raised earlier suspicion of Ebola attack positive   The tourist, who visited West Africa earlier, was isolated soon after he indicated symptoms of the contagious disease. Apparently, the patient is under isolation and close check up. On Sunday, October 19, the tourist reported a low-grade fever throughout the night and immediately received a referral for testing at the States’ most reputable laboratory. As a precautionary measure after observing the unusual fever, CDC staff isolated the tourist and interviewed him to establish additional contacts or potential exposures. Currently, one close contact has been identified, and appropriate measures employed to prevent further spread of the disease.  Careful monitoring and scrutiny of all tourists and associated health care workers who interacted with the isolated patient, therefore, is directed to offer the public an assurance of the absence of a trace of the disease in America.   Ebola is an infectious, deadly disease noticeable by fever and severe internal bleeding, spread through physical contact with the infected person’s body fluids.   The outbreak of Ebola experienced in West Africa in 2014 is the largest, so far in history according to records by the CDC, 2014. The disease has an average of 8 to ten incubation period. The CDC, therefore, recommends immediate isolation and close monitoring of suspected individuals with symptoms for a period of 21 days.

The Children Act 2004 | Analysis

The Children Act 2004 | Analysis The Children Act was first introduced in 1989 and was amended in 2004 after an inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie. After the death of eight-year old Victoria Climbie in 2000, Lord Laming was asked by the Government to carry out an investigation to know if new regulation and guidance were needed to develop the safeguard of child system in England. The Governments answer to the Victoria Climbie Inquiry report (Laming, 2003) was the Keeping children safe report (DfES, 2003) and the Every child matters green paper (DfES, 2003), which in turn led to the Children Act 2004. This Acts ultimate purpose is to make the UK better and safer for children of all ages. The Act also created a Childrens Commissioner; putting in place services provided to and for children and young people by local authorities and other persons; dealing with Wales about advisory and support services in regards to family proceedings; dealing with private fostering, child minding and day care, adoption assessment panels, the explanation of reasonable penalty, the making of allowances as respects children and families, child safety orders, the Childrens Commissioner for Wales, The publication of material in connection to children dealing in legal cases and the release by the Inland Revenue of data relating to children. The government aims is for every child whatever their background or their conditions, to have the backing they need to: be healthy i.e. enjoying good physical and mental health and living a healthy lifestyle; to stay safe i.e. to be free from harm and negligence; to enjoy and achieve i.e. to make the most out of life and to develop the skills to become an adult; to make a positive contribution i.e. to be in touch with the community and society and not taking part in anti-social or criminal conduct; To achieve economic well-being i.e. not being prohibited by financial difficulty from reaching their full ability in life. The green paper suggested improvements was into four main areas which are assisting parents and carers, early involvement and effective security, responsibility and combination locally, regionally and nationally and staff improvement. Being healthy It is shown by a study that those smoking regularly aged 11-15 in England has gone down since 1996 from 13 to 10 percent. But obesity level is rising. Between 1996 and 2001 the number of children who were obese having between 6-15 years old in England increase by 4 percent. Young rates of pregnancy were lower by 10 percent in 2001 than in 1998. But UK still has the most teenage pregnancies in Europe. The World Health Organisation published a report in 2002 that UK had the least suicide rate amongst 26 countries, but suicide is still responsible for 20 per cent of young deaths. Staying safe In March 2002, 59,700 children were in care in England, which is an increase of 22 percent since March 1994. But, the number on child protection registers in England have been decreasing as there were only 25,700 in March 2002 compared to 38,600 ten years earlier. Between 1981 and 2001 the percentage of young boys in England and Wales reprimanded or sentenced of a crime decreased from 7 per cent of young boys to 5 per cent, but the same rate for girls increased from 1.3 to 1.4 per cent. A research of criminal and harassment found that 46 percent being the target of some kind of crime in the last 12 months among those aged 11 to 16 in ordinary schools. In most cases of domestic violence where around one in ten women involved yearly, their children were present in the same or next room, and one in three child safeguard circumstances points to a past of domestic violence against the mother. Enjoying and achieving The number of those aged 11 reaching the normal level in English and maths went up by 12 percent, from 63 percent to 75 percent and from 61 percent to 73 percent in English and maths respectively since 1997. In 2002 more than half of 15 year olds got a minimum of five GCSEs at grades A*-C, a rise of more than 6 percent since 1997. However success is not steady through diverse ethnic groups like for example pupils from Chinese and Indian backgrounds succeed considerably over regular GCSE results; black pupils and those from Pakistani and Bangladeshi backgrounds do inferior in their GCSE results. Non-attendance has stayed the same from 1995/96 at 0.7 percent of half days absent. At the end of 2001, in every eleven youngsters having 16-18 years old, one was not in education, work or training and in every four youngsters between 16 and 18, one spend time out of education, training and employment. Making a positive contribution A new research of secondary students who are 11 to 18 years old showed that 86 percent had taken part in certain sort of community activity in the previous year and half participated in raising fund or gathering cash for charity. From the 2001 General Election, assessments found that attendance was lowest between those aged 18-24, as only two in five casted their vote. Economic well-being Between 1992 and 1995, 19 percent of children stayed in working age jobless homes, but in 2003, the percentage had fallen to 15.2. The percentage of children staying in homes with comparatively low earnings decreased between 1996-97 and 2001-02 from 34 to 30 after housing expenses. The percentage of children staying in homes with virtually low earnings fell largely from 34 percent to 20 percent after housing deductions. The Childrens Act 2004 established a Childrens Fund which is aimed to support in the abolition of poverty and economic difficulties felt by disadvantaged children or those whose familys monetary conditions leave them deprived by making sure that children aged between five and thirteen attend school regularly and also decreasing the risk of crime being carried out by these children, so that they can get the best promising start of their life. The Childrens Act 2004 specially caters for disabled children. Local authorities have a responsibility under the Act to arrange for  facilities to children in need if these amenities will aid keeping a child safe and healthy. After the death of baby P, there was a review conducted by Lord Laming which suggested that those dealing with children need to be properly trained to detect any problem so that social workers or other practitioners can better safeguard children under their responsibility. The Children Act 2004 provides a strong emphasis and a new approach to childrens services but is not sufficient in itself. Its application must be part of an extensive progression of transformation, concentrating on results and brought onward by local transformation packages in 150 Local Authority regions set within a national structure. The National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services (NSF) is fundamental to this. It put forward a ten-year plan to encourage durable and continual progress in childrens health and well-being. As it is applied by Primary Care Trusts (PCTs), Local Authorities and other groups including other health bodies, it will add to the realisation of the five outcomes.

Clockwork Orange Essay -- essays papers

Clockwork Orange In all of my reading, I have come to the conclusion that Anthony Burgess is one of the greatest literary genius’s of the twentieth century. His masterpiece, A Clockwork Orange, is unrivaled in obvious depth, insight, and innovation. The novel is a work of such quality, such perfection, that it seems to be genuinely written by a literary demigod. The novel's main theme deals with free choice and spiritual freedom. More specifically, "[The ethical promise that 'A man who cannot choose ceases to be man'] can be taken as both the explicit and implicit themes of the novel" (Morgan 104). Anthony Burgess expresses his view that no matter how "good" one's actions are, unless one has free moral choice, he is spiritually damned. The novel revolves around one criminally minded teen, Alex, whose world consists of rape, murder, and ruthless violence. Alex is eventually setup by his "droogs" (friends) and is arrested and jailed. After some time in jail, Alex is placed in a new rehabilitating program that uses electro-shock therapy, new medicines, and exposure to violent film. The program breaks all that Alex holds dear and builds him up with a new artificial conscience. This part of the novel "presents the reader with a new, reformed Alex, an Alex without free will or freedom of choice, an Alex who has become a victim" Burgess considers this lack of freedom to be spiritually murderous and terribly wrong. Burgess knows that it is better to choose to be evil, than to be forced to be good. Alex is tormented by his new state of oppression. He is incapable of making any choice; he must always do what is good. Alex is then taken under the wing of a writer who is fighting the oppressive government. The writer... ...a way that appears to distance it. Stanley: If this occurs it may be because the story both in the novel and the film is told by Alex, and everything that happens is seen through his eyes. Since he has his own rather special way of seeing what he does, this may have some effect in distancing the violence. Some people have asserted that this made the violence attractive. I think this view is totally incorrect. Bibliography: Coale, Samuel, Anthony Burgess (1981); Mathews, Richard, The Clockwork Universe of Anthony Burgess (1978). Kagan, Norman, The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick (1989); Nelson, Thomas Allan, Kubrick: Inside A Film Artist's Maze (1982); Phillips, Gene, Stanley Kubrick: A Film Odyssey (1975); Walker, Alexander, Stanley Kubrick Directs, rev. ed. (1972). English to Russian Dictionary (1996). â€Å"A Clockwork Orange† (1963); Burgess, Anthony

“Crucible” by Arthur Miller: The madness in Salem Essay

How does Miller use the ending of each act to make the audience feel the madness in Salem? Miller is able to portray the madness of Salem in a variety of ways, throughout the whole of the play however the ending of each act allows the audience to fully feel the hysteria. By incorporating changes of key themes and ideas as well as using links throughout the text and a variety of dramatic techniques towards the end of each act, Miller is able to leave the audience with a sense of this madness. The ways in which he reflects the madness change from scene to scene however each technique is just as important as others. Occurring frequently throughout the play, but particularly predominant at the end of Act I is the use of stage directions to increase tension and hysteria. After Tituba confesses to allegiance with the Devil, Abigail realises that this has saved her and so she decides to repeat Tituba’s actions in order to save herself. She understands that in order to prevent being accused she must become the accuser. Miller emphasises this as immediately after Hale states â€Å"God will bless you for your help†, Abigail rises and is quoted as â€Å"staring as though inspired.† She goes on to become â€Å"enraptured as though in a pearly light† which shows the progression from a quiet confession to a loud, more hysteric declaration. The passage which follows shows a huge rise in tension and irrational incidents as suddenly Betty rises from the bed after a long period of time in a collapsed state, also chanting confessions. Betty and Abigail exclaim the names of people who they claimed to have seen with the Devil, and Miller once again uses stage directions to show the craziness by describing them as â€Å"calling out hysterically† and â€Å"rising to a great glee.† The curtain falls on the girls crying out the names of people seen with the Devil, with a progressive increase in intensity and so the audience is left with a clear feel of the hysteria. Another way Miller is able to portray the madness towards the end of Act I is by using short sentences to increase tension and reflect the condition in Salem. During the confession of Abigail short, quick sentences are used such  as â€Å"I danced for the Devil!† or â€Å"I saw him†, both of which show a peak in hysteria. These are followed by Betty and Abigail accusing people of allegiance with the Devil and all these claims follow the same, generic format of â€Å"I saw ____ with the Devil!† This makes the girls seem as though they are possessed and are under the influence of the Devil – once again giving the audience a feel of the madness in Salem by building up a mad atmosphere. Towards the end of Act II Miller uses the actions of John Proctor to make the audience feel the madness in Salem, with his violent acts indicating how emotions have spiralled out of control in the village. After the arrest of his wife, Elizabeth, Proctor becomes aggravated and begins to take a violent approach towards the matter. As soon as he is left alone with Mary Warren, she is described as speaking in a â€Å"fearful squeak of a voice† which begins to suggest Proctor’s threatening presence. This is followed by Proctor â€Å"moving menacingly toward her† which gives the audience an instant insight on Proctor’s anger. Even though Mary Warren proclaims that Abigail will â€Å"kill [her] for sayin’ that† (referring to telling the court who stuck the needle into the poppet), Proctor still â€Å"continues toward her† which also indicates the madness of Proctor and the community around him. Mary then begins to â€Å"back from him† and speaks â€Å"in terror†, however Proctor â€Å"strides and catches her† which shows a progression from mere verbal abuse to physical violence and an upsurge of anger. This anger proliferates into Proctor â€Å"grasping her from the throat as though he would strangle her† before â€Å"throwing her to the floor where she sobs†. Miller is able to use this forcefulness to give the audience a taste of how things have progressed from illogical thoughts to outright madness in not just the Proctor household but the whole of Salem. Along with the use of Proctor’s violence to reflect the madness in Salem, Miller uses the intense dialogue between Proctor and Mary Warren to show how insanity has grown in the Salem community. Miller utilises Mary Warren’s repeated refrain of â€Å"I cannot, I cannot† to reflect how crazy she has become. Despite Abigail’s wrongdoings Mary states that she â€Å"cannot charge murder on Abigail† which shows how much Abigail has manipulated her. She   then states that â€Å"they’ll turn on [her]† which demonstrates the pressure placed upon Mary to lie to the court. Mary’s mind has been twisted into believing that staying loyal to the girls is more important than saving the lives of innocent people accused of witchcraft and this gives the audience a glimpse of the absurd ideas implanted into the brains of the Salem community. The curtain falls on Mary repeatedly sobbing â€Å"I cannot, I cannot† and this tells the audience that the madness is not at an end but will continue into the scenes to come. In Act III, Miller utilises Mary Warren’s change of heart to fully epitomise the extent of which the madness in Salem has grown. As previously stated, Miller used the end of Act II to show that the madness in Salem would continue into the coming scenes, and by making Mary Warren and John Proctor the subject of drama once again he has shown this. The end of Act III begins with Abigail conversing with an invisible bird which is acclaimed to be controlled by Mary Warren. This, not unlike most other claims of witchcraft in the play, has no substance or evidence apart from the victim’s claims and is irrational which links in with the general madness of the play. Abigail has made this accusation in order to avoid being accused; drawing parallels with the ending of Act I. Abigail once again asserts her dominance over Mary which can be seen, as when Abigail shouts that the spirit is â€Å"going to come down† and is â€Å"walking the beam†, Mary changes from saying that previous cases were â€Å"pretence† to now saying that John Proctor is â€Å"the Devil’s man.† Mary is described as â€Å"screaming in horror† – antics associated with someone gone mad. Ultimately, this extreme change of heart is used by Miller to show that the hysteria has reached its peak and now people are no longer willing to argue anymore. The idea that arguing is of no use anymore as the judges fail to understand good reasoning is shown again through John Proctor’s change of heart as well. After spending so long arguing for the freedom of his wife and so many others, when asked if he has any allegiance with Satan he replies that â€Å"God is dead!† Proctor recognises Judge Danforth’s hypocrisy in that Danforth previously stated that witchcraft was only visible to the victim and the accused, however now he says â€Å"I have seen your power† which is contradictory  to the previous statement. Miller uses this case of hypocrisy to show the audience how a lack of logic has overrun Salem causing the aforementioned madness. Proctor follows by â€Å"laughing insanely† and saying that he â€Å"hears the boot of Lucifer† and â€Å"sees his filthy face† – a sharp contrast to saying the Devil is not present in Salem just a few moments before. Imagery of burning in Hell and the damnation of himself and Danforth contribute greatly to the madness and they give the audience an idea of the graphic culmination of the madness in Salem. Also, Hale â€Å"denounces these proceedings† and â€Å"quits this court† which leaves the courtroom itself in a state of madness. Danforth attempts to control the room but is unable to and this symbolises how power is no longer with any of the officials and all chaos has broken loose in Salem, giving the audience a full on feel of how a total loss of control has culminated in Salem. All in all, Arthur Miller is able to use the ending of each act to make the audience feel the madness in Salem by incorporating multiple techniques into the play to add tension and hysteria. These techniques, ranging from stage directions to symbolism and imagery, are able to give the audience a glimpse of the insanity going through Salem and they are developed well as the audience progresses through the play; building up to dramatic climaxes and culminating in the loss of all order in the Salem community.

Free Essays on Enron

The article on Enron states that there was not one main reason why Enron fell; however it was a corporate culture of deception that lead to the demise of this company. Enron had many loans on their books that they disguised as assets to make them look stronger and more profitable. They worked backwards by figuring out what they wanted their company to look like financially, and then made changes in the books to make it appeal to them. Since the authorities were not using checks and balances to make sure fraud was not taking place, it would have been easy for Enron to make it look like particular divisions were doing worse then they actually were, so they did not have to pay their employees as much. It was also easy for Enron to lie to their accountants because they did not check what the managers told them was truth. The auditors did not check the accountant’s books for mistakes either. There were so many mistakes in so many different areas of this company that its hard t o pinpoint one thing. The article on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act summarizes the new legislation that has been put into place to help guard against another financial disaster, such as Enron and WorldCom. Under this law, attorneys are responsible to report any illegal acts to a board of directors. If the board of directors that the attorney reports to does not pass on this information to proper authority, they will be forced to resign. When the SAS 99 became effective, it profoundly changed the relationship between businesses and auditors because if the CPA does not follow the SAS 99 rules and it comes to the attention of the AICPA, they will lose their CPA and be prosecuted. The SAS 99 coupled with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act should do a great deal to safeguard against scandals in the business world.... Free Essays on Enron Free Essays on Enron The article on Enron states that there was not one main reason why Enron fell; however it was a corporate culture of deception that lead to the demise of this company. Enron had many loans on their books that they disguised as assets to make them look stronger and more profitable. They worked backwards by figuring out what they wanted their company to look like financially, and then made changes in the books to make it appeal to them. Since the authorities were not using checks and balances to make sure fraud was not taking place, it would have been easy for Enron to make it look like particular divisions were doing worse then they actually were, so they did not have to pay their employees as much. It was also easy for Enron to lie to their accountants because they did not check what the managers told them was truth. The auditors did not check the accountant’s books for mistakes either. There were so many mistakes in so many different areas of this company that its hard t o pinpoint one thing. The article on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act summarizes the new legislation that has been put into place to help guard against another financial disaster, such as Enron and WorldCom. Under this law, attorneys are responsible to report any illegal acts to a board of directors. If the board of directors that the attorney reports to does not pass on this information to proper authority, they will be forced to resign. When the SAS 99 became effective, it profoundly changed the relationship between businesses and auditors because if the CPA does not follow the SAS 99 rules and it comes to the attention of the AICPA, they will lose their CPA and be prosecuted. The SAS 99 coupled with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act should do a great deal to safeguard against scandals in the business world.... Free Essays on Enron Enron a Post Mortem - Enron was heralded as America’s most innovative company for five years by Fortune magazine. What happened? What lead to Enron’s demise? The collapse of Enron is one of the century ’ s most infamous, with reverberations being felt around the world. Craig Donaldson speaks with Enron ’ s interim CEO Stephen Cooper about his approach to people management in the midst of this most extraordinary of working circumstances Enron was one of America’s leading companies prior to its spectacular collapse in 2001. It was frequently named as one of America’s top 10 most admired corporations and best places to work, and its board was acclaimed one of the US’ best five, according to Fortune magazine. As America’s seventh largest company, Enron experienced explosive growth through the 1990s. It had revenues of US$139 ($184) billion, US$62 ($82) billion in assets and employed more than 30,000 people across 20 countries. While Enron was considered a phenomenon in its heyday, a highly decentralised decision-making and financial control structure made it virtually impossible to get a clear and coherent understanding of the corporation, according to interim CEO and chief restructuring officer, Stephen Cooper. â€Å"In the space of 30 days, Enron went from American icon to Chapter 11,† he says. The collapse brought an enormous amount of outrage from the company’s stakeholders, while the scale and complexity of Enron’s bankruptcy has resulted in 12 separate investigations by the US Congress.... Free Essays on Enron THE COLLAPSE OF ENRON In early, 2001, Enron Corporation was named most innovative company in America for the sixth year in a row by Fortune Magazine. Soon enough things had turned and by December 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy. Enron was the premiere trading company of the world, listed as the world’s greatest energy company and now in 2001 suffered the worst business failure in U.S. history. The U. S. was devastated by this and it really hurt all of the employees within Enron. Thousands of employees lost their jobs, savings, 401 (K) retirements plans virtually overnight. One retiree was reported to have lost $1.3 billion in savings and shareholders investors lost nearly $70 billion in market value. No one had even the slightest clue that any of this was going to happen, just like that they were out of there jobs with no money. People with families and children had nothing anymore, it was a travesty. The employees who had invested so much of their stock and savings in Enron’s plans suffered the most form this sudden downfall. They had nothing left to show for all of the hard work that had put into the company for so many years. The were so strong a year earlier in 200, employees were up to 19,000 people they even made $100 billion in revenues a year. Their plan was simply â€Å"becoming the world’s greatest company† which was stated by the current CEO and CEO at Enron, Kenneth Lay. When Kenneth states this I don’t think he puts an ethical review on this, considering the fact that he let go of so many people’s jobs and all of their money. He would do anything to get this company to the top, even if it was cheating, stealing, manipulating people. He is a very greedy person and put himself before his employees and the rest of the company. From my point of view that is ridiculous but that’s the kind of people we have in our world today, as long as they are living a good life they aren’t worry about ot... Free Essays on Enron Kenneth Lay, the ex-CEO of Enron took a small natural gas company, and created a financial powerhouse. In just a little over 15 years, Enron grew into one of the US’s largest companies. It embraced new technologies, established new methods of trading in energy and seemed to be a shining example of successful corporate America. Kenneth Lay himself was awarded a place in the Texas Business Hall of Fame for his achievement of bringing the small company to where it stood. Many surveys showed Kenneth Lay as one of the top managers for the nation. His background of academic and government positions helped back his position as a dedicated leader. Disaster then struck the companies success was all smoke and mirrors created by artificially inflated profits, dubious accounting practices, and fraud. The company unraveled and came crashing down, resulting in thousands of people loosing their jobs and life savings that they invested in to the company. Enron was born in July of 1985 with a merger of Houston Natural and Omaha-based InterNorth. Kenneth Lay was elected as the chairman and chief executive of the company. Around the same time Washington began to lift the controls over who produced energy and how it was distributed. Kenneth Lay saw a chance to make the small company thrive and seized it. Enron guaranteed its customers stable prices during the energy regulation changes. The response to the stable energy prices that Enron was offering was huge. Everyone wanted future gas at the fixed prices of today. In a few years Enron was responsible for over one fourth of the gas business for the United States. Kenneth Lay then decided that it would be profitable to expand its business into other fields by trading other commodities such as coal and steel. Early in the year 2000 Enron was peaking its economic success and began to invest into broadband Internet networks seeing the dot.com economy expand with profits. The company boa... Free Essays on Enron Enron Corp. is one of the world's largest energy, commodities and services company. Before its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, it marketed electricity and natural gas, delivered energy and other physical commodities, and provided financial and risk management services to customers worldwide. Based in Houston, Texas, Enron was formed in July 1985 by the merger of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth of Omaha, Nebraska. Initially a natural gas pipeline company, Enron rapidly evolved from delivering energy to brokering energy futures as energy markets were deregulated. The company began marketing electricity in 1994 and entered the European energy market in 1995. In 1999, Enron launched a plan to buy and sell access to high-speed Internet bandwidth, and it launched EnronOnline, a Web-based commodity trading site, making it an e-commerce company. The company reported revenues of $101 billion in 2000. It has stakes in nearly 30,000 miles of gas pipeline, owns or has access to a 15,000-mile fiber optic network, and has a stake in electricity generating operations around the world. Aftershocks in Europe Enron's collapse will hit many markets. Enron is the largest bankruptcy in United States history, and cost thousands of people their retirement and jobs. They used different accounting tricks to deceive their employees and the public on how good their financial situation really was. How could such a giant, thriving company go from worth around $60 billion dollars to bankruptcy in such a short period of time with no major warning signs? What could allow such a huge financial scandal to take place? How will the Enron scandal affect the current business world and the way that businesses are run in the future? These are all questions that are currently trying to be explained. The story of Enron is still constantly unwinding more and more everyday. The small Houston based company that was started in 1985 when Houston Natural Gas combi...

Four-Cycle Approach to Strategic Management essays

Four-Cycle Approach to Strategic Management essays Decisions are made from developing and analyzing alternatives and making a choice. Through a series of decisions or choices, executives can define, develop plans, goals and objectives, and set a desired course for the future of an organization. In the article, A four-cycle approach to strategy development and implementation, by William Finnie, strategy is defined as the management of change or adaptation of external circumstances and the creation of a desired future. Every organization has some kind of strategy in place, but through the development of an effectively implemented strategic plan a company can more readily meet the requirements of it customers. The four cycles that Finnie describes are strategy development, management review of changes and finalization of strategies and objectives, functional goals and action plans, and budgeting and resource allocation. In the first step of the cycle, strategy development, an organization would perform situation analysis, define the business, identify objectives, develop a generic strategy, establish customer-oriented strategies, and establish competitor-oriented strategies. From these steps, a basic strategy is developed. In the first step a company would review its environment or the external factors that would affect the business. By identifying threats and opportunities from the external factors, management can identify pending weaknesses. Management will then define its business which is an important step as the way the company is defined is a strategy in itself. Management will then define a strategic objective of the companys long-terms goals in areas of quality or customer satisfaction and market share. From there the companys generic strategy is developed. Finnie describes a generic strategy as a broad strategic approach to creating a defensible position in the industry identifying a competitive advantage. The final steps in t...

Job Design, Job Characteristics, and Job Crafting Essay

Job Design, Job Characteristics, and Job Crafting - Essay Example This is because, as the specializations increases in job positions, people working in that job position become invaluable natural resources for the company. It is a known fact that the productivity declines if the people who are working are dissatisfied with their life. There are many methods which can be used for designing a job so that it can be done in an efficient manner. The first step is to assess the job fully in terms of its usefulness to the organization. Then, you need to divide the job into various parts and get suggestion about the best way of doing them quickly and efficiently. The third step is to implement the streamlined method to complete the job. The best method to design a job so that it can be motivating is the job crafting which can done by the person who is working on that position. The first step is this method is the assessment of the job profile and altering one or more than one core aspect of the work. He or she can consult with their supervisor and change the job boundaries by changing the numbers of tasks, changing the method or increasing the scope as per that person’s choices. The organizations hire the experts to study physical and other aspects to optimize the system performance as well as minimize the physical demands on the workers. It assesses the human capabilities and designs the tools, systems and work environment in order to make them efficient, comfortable and safe jobs for the employees of any company. There are many ways in which an organization can plan for the mental demands of any job. They can change the thinking of the person or his perception about the job. The person concerned can divide his job in two separate parts, one which he can think as a challenge and the other which can think as the vacation from the tedious parts. He can assess the job profile and responsibilities very deeply. Then, he can reconfigure them as per his choices. Job crafting can be broadly defined as the simple visual framework

Report on corporate scandal ( XEROX ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Report on corporate scandal ( XEROX ) - Essay Example According to Neasa (2010), the company came to be known in 1959 when it introduced Xerox 914. This increased the company’s revenue to a larger extent and also improved the company’s image to its customers. Many people moved to Xerox as a result and this led to listing of the company by Chicago Stock Exchange and New York stock exchange in 1961. It was the leading company these days. What followed were upcoming corporations with new ideas which brought a lot of competition. Knapp & Michael (2004) states that, with the naming of Archie Mccardell as the president in 1971, the company introduced its first color copier named Xerox 6500. This was meant to increase the company’s sales and especially to print shops. This was followed by constant and frequent advertising which made multitudes turn their attention to the product. The company expanded widely and ventured into production of electronic memory typewriters which made the company gain 25% market share. Around 1990, the company started developing digital photocopiers which gave it a competitive advantage over its competitors. Drucker (2011), outlines that, in 1999, Richard Thoman from IBM was brought in and made the president of the company. He brought in internal politics and this resulted into his resignation in 2000. The company introduced a red digital x to signify the transition from paperwork to digital. Chesbrough & Rosenbloom (2002), states that with the appointment of Mulcahy as the president in 2000, the company underwent a great transition which increased its profitability largely, making its initial good image resume. On April 11, 2002, the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission filed a case against Xerox for deceiving the public through use of accounting irregularities. It started investing more in research and development in order to come up with new ways and products

Liberal Democratic Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Liberal Democratic Tradition - Essay Example From these principles, other elements of freedom include individualism, egalitarianism, universalism and meliorism. The presentation was positioned in the minds of the people that it gives a detailed point of liberation. Liberalism is being steered by certain themes such as not allowing the government to take control of people’s life (Buchanan 2008). A good number of Liberals believe that one is entitled to his/her opinions and thoughts. A rebel will agree with a woman who wants to abort. Liberals have support for every woman who is deemed free to choose what is good or bad for her. When it comes to love issues, most Liberals are not bothered with same-sex marriage. Liberals in America believe that every gay or straight is entitled to choose whom to love and marry. There is no boundary when it comes to the issues of the heart. It is clear for every liberal that everyone in society is free to believe in his or her religion. Individuals can believe in what their religion prescribes them to do (Mower, 2012). One can decide to worship throughout the week or even once per week depending on how they want it. If once decides to follow no religion its right for him/her. Religion should be kept private among individuals and that prayer should not interrupt other people (Barry 2009). Liberals believe that whether rich or poor everyone is subjected to equality. Economic conditions should not favor the privileged members of the society. Every member of the community is subjected to equal rights, Resources should be distributed amongst people equally without discrimination of age, race and gender. While individualism is a valid element egalitarianism, meliorism are primary fundamentals of liberalism. As promoted by classical liberalism, egalitarianism defines the equal opportunity everyone is entitled to. This will also comprise legal and political equality. Experts in the

The Impact of ICT in the Local Community Essay Example for Free

The Impact of ICT in the Local Community Essay Redbridge The London borough of Redbridge is located in greater London. It has a good supply of technology and transport but all of this was possible because of ICT. Without ICT there would not have been an attraction of tourism and business. It now has a wider population than it did before and by day is improving. In this assignment I shall explain a variety of technologies and the uses they brought into the community. I will evaluate the effectiveness of the ICT in meeting the needs of the community. Oyster cards Oyster cards are electronic tickets used on Transport of London and national rail services. The card contains a unique code which the computer detects once you swipe it on an oyster card surface. Oyster cards are widely used in Redbridge. They bring in more tourists and travellers to Redbridge. The oyster card contains an electronic chip which is also used in Malaysia on their Touch n go cards. The advantages of the oyster card are, it is easier to use, can hold up to three ticket products at the same time, to prevent misuse the card must be swiped in the beginning of a journey and at the end of a journey. It also can store up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 90. The disadvantage of the oyster card is that it is only available in greater London and not in any other part of Great Britain. Also some oyester cards can be stolen and can be misused. Mobile phones A mobile phone is a portable electronic device for peer-to-peer telecommunications over long distances. Mobile phones are very widespread in Redbridge and have helped people telecommunicate in times of need. Whenever there is an emergency, people dont have to go to a phone booth to call someone because they can always reach into their pocket where they shall find a mobile phone. I can Mobile phones are found entertaining as well as useful because they have games, puzzles, video calling, movies, ring tones and some of them have access to the internet. All these things can fit into a mobile phone because of the large storage capacity it has. A mobile phone is a little like an organizer because it has a calendar to remind people of important dates like a meeting or special occasion and tells time. It also has an alarm clock to wake me up in the morning The disadvantages of a mobile phone are that sometimes the network will not work properly and others will not be able to hear the caller on the other line, it also makes funny noises at times. Another problem is that the mobile phone may freeze or crash suddenly which is bad because if someone is in a bad situation, then they could be in great danger. Some times the phone does not have enough storage and will ask you to delete a few items. Mobile phones have brought great uses to the community as we can all now interact with each other and stay in touch. Electronic article surveillance (EAS) In Redbridge there are many places to shop the most common is the Exchange. To keep safety levels up security alarms are used like EAS. Electronic article surveillance is a technological method for preventing shoplifting from retail stores or pilferage of books from libraries. Special tags are fixed to merchandise or books. These tags are removed or deactivated by the clerks when the item is properly bought or checked out. At the exits of the store, a detection system sounds an alarm or otherwise alerts the staff when it senses active tags. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance#Types_of_EAS Electronic tags are of 4 types * Magnetic * Acousto-magnetic * Radio frequency * Microwave The advantages of EAS are that it prevents things from getting stolen and if a shoplifter tries to steal an item then they may be caught. This system will lower the levels of shoplifting in the community and will make people within Redbridge feel safe. The disadvantages of EAS are that sometimes false alarms may go of which can be very embarrassing for the customer especially when they are honest. It is also embarrassing for the business as they now have a very upset customer. These false alarms usually go of because the tag has not been deactivated properly. Also some shoplifters may be able to take the tag of which can bring a loss to the company. These tags are also very expensive to buy and can result into being a loss for small businesses. Automated teller machine (ATM An automated teller machine (ATM) is an unmanned automated telecommunications device which provides a customer with financial transactions in public space. On most ATMs a customer is recognized when a plastic card with a metal strip or a smartcard with a chip is inserted in an ATM, the card contains a unique code which only belongs to the card holder. The cardholder then needs to enter a personal identification number (PIN) for security reasons. The ATM gives customers access to their bank account. Using the ATM customers can check out their bank balances, deposit cash or cheques, pay bills, transfer money between bank accounts and buy goods or services. The advantages of ATMs are that instead of walking a long way to the bank we can access an ATM. In the Exchange mall there are many ATMs which is very useful because it is time efficient. Another great thing about ATMS are that everybody has a unique code which means there wont be any mix up. To make sure that ATMs are reliable they undergo a very expensive test. The disadvantages of ATMs are that thieves can use chemicals to break them apart and take all the money out. They can also cause damage to the ATM, this result into a loss for the company. The first known instance of a fake ATM was installed at a shopping mall in Manchester, Connecticut in 1993. By modifying the inner workings of a Fujitsu model 7020 ATM, a criminal gang known as The Bucklands Boys were able to steal information from cards inserted into the machine by customers. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/1.05/atm_pr.html This incident goes against the Computer Misuse Act (1998). Overall I think that ICT has very much helped fulfill the needs of the community and has made Redbridge a much better borough to live in. It has benefited the community in many ways and has made Redbridge quite popular. Without ICT we would not have as many facilities we have now.

Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity

Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity Venessa Daly Objectives: To determine the effect enzyme concentration has on catalase activity To study the effect substrate concentration has on the rate of catalase activity To establish the effect temperature has on the activity of catalase Introduction: Enzymes control almost all cellular reactions. Enzymes are large globular proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. A catalyst reduces the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, thus affects the reaction rate. Enzymes are very sensitive, they are affected by temperature and pH. Enzymes work as catalysts by combining with a substrate at the active site to form the enzyme-substrate complex, this then breaks down to release the enzyme and the product. Enzymes are shape specific, which means only substrate molecules with the corresponding shape will combine with the enzyme. This is known as the Lock and Key theory. So, because of this many different enzymes can be present in a cell, acting at the same time but not affecting each other. Enzymes are recovered unchanged from reactions so they can be reused again and again. Eventually, the effectiveness of the enzyme decreases over time and must be replaced.   Enzyme activity can be measured by: measuring the rate of formation of a product and measuring the rate of disappearance of a substance. Catalase is an enzyme found in almost all living organisms. It is a very important enzyme as it prevents the build-up of toxic hydrogen peroxide in cells. It catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Enzymes are affected by enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and temperature. As enzyme concentration increases the rate of reaction also increases linearly. However, once it reaches a very high enzyme concentration, the substrate concentration reaches a rate-limiting and the rate stops increasing. As the substrate concentration increases, the rate also increases. At higher concentrations, the enzymes become saturated with substrate so there a very few free enzyme molecules. So, adding more substrate would make no difference. The enzyme activity increases as temperature increases until an optimum temperature is reached. Once the optimum temperature is reached, if the temperature is increased any more then there is a decline in enzyme activity. Enzymes become denatured at a high temperature, the enzyme can then no longer carry out its function correctly. Method: A fresh potato was peeled and cut into small cubes. 100g of the tissue was weighed out. The potato, 100ml of cold distilled water and a small amount of crushed ice was placed into a pre-chilled blender. This was then homogenised for 30 seconds at high speed. The potato mixture was filtered. The filtrate was poured into a 100ml graduated cylinder. Cold distilled water was added to bring the volume to 100ml. 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0 units/ml of enzyme concentrations were made up, (the total volume in each should be 40mls). 40ml of 1% H2O2 solution was placed into five different beakers. Forceps were used to fully immerse a glass fibre disc into the first of the catalase solutions (100 units/ml). The disc absorbed the enzyme solution for 5 seconds, it was removed and allowed to drain for 10 seconds. The disc was then dropped into the first beaker of H2O2. The time was then recorded from the moment the disc touched the surface to the moment it reached the surface again. This was done with two separate discs and the average time was got. This was then repeated for each of the enzyme solutions. The rate of reaction versus enzyme concentration was then plotted. 40mls of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 5% and 10% hydrogen peroxide solutions we added to seven separate beakers. Forceps were used to fully immerse a glass fibre disc into 100 units/ml of the catalase solution. It was removed from the catalase after 5 seconds and allowed to drain for 10 seconds. The disc was then dropped into the 0.1% hydrogen peroxide solution. The time was recorded from the moment it touched the surface to the minute it reached the surface again. This was done twice with two separate discs and the average time was got. This was done using all the substrate solutions. The rate of reaction versus substrate concentrations were plotted. Water baths were set up at the temperatures: 0oC, 150C, 250C, 300C, 370C, 450C and 600C. 40mls of 1% hydrogen peroxide and 40mls of enzyme solution were incubated separately at each of the temperatures for 5 minutes. After the 5 minutes, a glass fibre disc was fully immersed into the enzyme solution for 5 seconds at 00C, using forceps. It was then removed and allowed to drain for 10 seconds before the disc was dropped into the beaker of the hydrogen peroxide. The time was recorded from the moment it touched the surface to the moment it reached the surface again. This was done twice using two separate discs each time at each temperature. The rate of reaction versus temperature was then plotted. Results: Concentration Time Average Time 1/Time 25% 22 22 22 0.045455 50% 15 14 14.5 0.068966 75% 14 12 12.5 0.08 100% 10 8 9 0.1111111 Concentration Time Average Time 1/Time 0.1% 46 42 44 0.022727 0.2% 32 29 30.5 0.032787 0.5% 18 16 17 0.058824 0.8% 14 12 13 0.076923 1% 8 10 9 0.11111 5% 5 3 4 0.25 10% 2 1 1.5 0.666667 Temperature (0C) Time Average Time 1/Time 0 16 15 15.5 0.064516 15 13 11 12 0.08 25 10 11 10.5 0.095238 30 10 9 9.5 0.105263 37 5 8 6.5 0.153846 45 9 15 11.5 0.08 60 149 157 153 0.006536 Discussion:       The effect the change of enzyme concentration had on the reaction time of catalase activity can be observed from the graph and table (a). When the enzyme concentration was 25%, the rate of reaction was 22 seconds. However, when the enzyme was at 100% the reaction occurred within 9 seconds. This was a difference of 13 seconds and a concentration change of 75%. The reason there was such a difference in the rate of reaction was because there was more enzyme concentration than substrate so the enzymes could easily react. The change of concentration in the substrate had a huge effect on the rate of reaction of catalase, this can be observed from table and graph (b). The reaction time was 44 seconds when the substrate concentration was 0.1%. When that concentration was 10% the reaction time was a quick 1.5 seconds. This proves that as the concentration of substrate increase so does the rate of reaction. However, if the concentration was continued to be increased eventually there would be very little free enzymes left so the rate of reaction slows down. It is clear from the table and graph (c) that enzymes optimum temperature is 37oC. The rate of reaction increases as the temperature increases up to 37oC, any temperature increase after that causes the rate of reaction to decrease. The enzymes begin to denature in any temperature higher than their optimum temperature. Conclusions: It is very important to understand what affects the rate of reaction in relation to enzymes in catalase activity. Enzymes control nearly all biological reactions, so this means it controls anything from digestion to tissue repair in the body. Enzymes are commonly prescribed to animals when a body process isnt functioning properly. So, it is essential to know what factors affect the productivity of enzymes to enable the correct treatment is given to the animal. Reference: S. Marsden (2008) Enzymes. [Online]. Available at: https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/enzymes [Accessed 18 February 2017].

Influence of George Berkeley :: This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison Philosopher Essays

The Influence of George Berkeley George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Irish clergyman and philosopher who studied and taught at Trinity College in Ireland, where he completed some of his best known works on the immateriality of matter (believing that all matter was composed of ideas of perception and therefore did not exist if it was not being perceived). Coleridge himself acknowledge the influence of Berkeley on his work, in particular his poem â€Å"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison† when he wrote a letter to Robert Southey in July 1797, in which the poem was included, with the following note, â€Å"You remember, I am a Berkleian.† We can see the influence of Berkeleyin â€Å"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison† in three main ways: perceptions of light, the idea of a divine spirit in everything yet still separate and itself, and the idea that there are as many â€Å"minima visibilia† in an enclosed space as out in the wide-open spaces. According to Stephen Prickett, one of the main ideas that Berkeley had hoped to prove was that all reality is mental, but the idea that truly came through in his works is that each person does not perceive object, but instead qualities (like color, form, sent, and sound), and each person perceives these qualities differently. Prickett goes further to claim that the effect of this idea on Coleridge â€Å"was to make him intensely conscious of light† (12). We can see this obsession with light and they way it plays on different object throughout â€Å"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison†: Pale beneath the blaze Hung the transparent foliage; and I watch’d Some broad and sunny leaf, and lov’d to see The shadow of the leaf and stem above Dappling its sunshine! And that walnut-tree Was richly ting’d, and a deep radiance lay Full on the ancient ivy, which usurps Those fronting elms, and now, with blackest mass Makes their dark branches gleam a lighter hue Through the late twilight†¦ Coleridge’s preoccupation with light and the way in which it changes the perception of the object is what links this passage with the ideas of Berkeley. Even though Coleridge and many other Romantics (such as Wordsworth) used the came to different conclusions about perception than Berkeley, his theories about light â€Å"pointed to the why in which such phenomena of light as the rainbow could be used as a scientific model for the imagination as a perceptual relationship between man and nature† (Prickett 13).

Considerations of Communication Style Essay

Communication style has a very big impact on the dynamics of face-to-face encounters, that is, whether a conversation proceeds smoothly or by fits and starts, whether both continually interrupt each other or are both able to talk simultaneously without interrupting and whether their style of listening match. Differences in ethnic background coupled with those of communication style probably increase chances that implicit unverbalized matters will be overlooked or misinterpreted. To be able to understand deeper and more sophisticated effects of style differences can take years. In exploring such differences of â€Å"the other†, one cannot help but come to understand the cultural factors that have shaped one’s own style. In the communication between Japanese and Non-Japanese there are intercultural communication blocks that have to be considered, which are, problems on direct and indirectness, individuality and groups view, decision making, and discussion. Components of Communication Style  According to some experts there are various things included in the components of communication style, such as: topics of discussions, favorite interaction forms -ritual, repartee, argument, and self disclosure- and involvement depth, as well as the channel people rely upon (Dean Barlund) ; behaviors –gesticulation, eye contact, speech and kinetic rhythm, and listening behavior- (Erickson) ; interruptions, pauses, laughter, inductive and deductive statements, and types of question ( E. S Johnson). However, in this discussion, there are three variables suggested as a core to explore communication style: (1) orientation to interaction, (2) code preference, and (3) interaction format. These are not to be understood as stereotype descriptions of all members of any cultural group but rather as stylistic preferences of the cultural group as a whole. Communication style orientations are anchored in cultural standards but allow for individual movement depending upon the situation and cultural constraints.

The Limey, and how these work to produce meaning and establish themes Essays

The Limey, and how these work to produce meaning and establish themes Essays The Limey, and how these work to produce meaning and establish themes Paper The Limey, and how these work to produce meaning and establish themes Paper Essay Topic: City Lights Film The Limey1 demonstrated through 40 quite fragmented shots lasting 4 minutes and 15 seconds, that the auteur Steven Soderberghs use of unconventional discontinuous editing was developed from his blockbuster film thriller Out of Sight2/3. Soderberghs narrative establishes that Wilson, the protagonist of the plot is trying to find how Jenny snuffed it4. The focus demonstrates that this extract illustrates four specific interlinked techniques to engage the audience in ideological meanings and themes to establish the screenwriters narrative. This, includes Mise-en-scene, dealing with the elements placed in front of the camera5, cinematography displaying how film footage is shot and filmed, editing relating shots to shots and the relationship of sound to visual images6. Instantly the film begins the audience notices that this will not be conventional. The first frame is a black screen with a male voice over, saying, Tell me? Tell me. Tell me about Jenny7 in a very harsh, aggressive tone. The repetition and coldness in his voice suggests the idea of desperation, as if this character will do anything to Know about Jenny. However, this leaves a question hanging over the audience with no visual clues, possibly the director will illustrate answers further on, as the audience are left climaxing on why this was said and to whom? The sequence begins with an extremely blurred image, with the words, Terrance Stamp (actor) superimposed over it suggesting that this film will have an unfocused or unconventional narrative. However, Soderbergh uses balanced composition, as the character walks towards the camera and comes into focus placing Wilson on the left and THE LIMEY superimposed on the right, establishing that although elements within the plot shall be blurred it will be understandable and focused by the end. The denoted text may also connote that the character could have characteristics of a limey8. The word Limey is established through history to mean a British person or ship9, as the British navy enforced consumption of lime juice to combat scurvy on long sea journeys 10. Thus, illustrating that just as the lime combats scurvy Wilson has something to scourge11. The nondiegetic soundtrack at the beginning works as an introduction to the film, as Wilson comes into focus so does the music and the ideology behind it. The quick rhythmic tempo of a marching drumbeat links to the pace the character walks, displaying conventions of an action movies mood music, while connoting an emotional journey for the protagonist. The mise-en-scene demonstrates the protagonist leaving an airport, showing the audience flight attendants in uniform behind him. Soderbergh uses an eyeline match with subjective point of view cutting, while panning, to establish what Wilson is seeing. The spectator is shown trolleys, people with tickets and bags rushing around. Ideologically, this may suggest he could be new to the area, established later by his cockney accent when he says snuffed it. While the camera pans the spectator is also shown a medium 2 shot of police men; no zoom, just a direct shot, leading to a medium close up of Wilson loosening his tie. The figures behaviour and the sharpness of Soderberghs shot reflects the idea that he could be tense or stressed by noticing the police quickly, possibly because of criminal involvement in the past. The lighting throughout insinuates duplicitous nature towards the character, as he is constantly half shadowed, and wears dark clothes. Establishing mystery, the truth being hidden through shadow or there being contrasting sides of good and evil. Once Wilson is in the taxi, the audience sees a side ways shot with him looking forward rather than into the camera and then his head slowly turns from left to right and vice-versa. This could conceivably establish, as the sound track suggests that he is searching for someone. The next shot begins with a plane juxtaposed to the character being at the airport previously. The director follows the movement of the craft from left to right. He tilts the camera slightly downwards denoting Wilson to be coming towards one of many rooms illustrating hes at a hotel, which is established once he enters, by looking around and putting clothes away. At this point Soderbergh has still not shown Wilson speak to anyone, again connoting a mission. This is clarified by the nondiegetic mood music stating, They call me the seeker Searching low and high12, interlinking between the ideas that he is trying to find Jenny and the different camera angles, Soderbergh uses. The view that the protagonist seeks someone is clarified when his back faces the camera. The audience sees him remove the prop of an envelope with a news article from his jacket stating, Women Dies On Mulholland13, on the back of the envelope there is an address. Resulting in the audience and character being given clues suggesting Jenny is dead and answers to his questions lie at that address. The over shoulder shot connotes that the audience wants to seek the truth just as the protagonist does. At this point the article is juxtaposed to the nondiegetic music stating People tend to hate me cause I never smile Im a seeker, Im a really desperate man finishing instantly. This demonstrates not only his character, as constantly he gazes towards nothingness but connotes a sense of revenge as the sudden end to the song demonstrates elements of aggression, by wanting to know who caused Jennys death. Soderbergh now displays discontinuity editing, whilst using fragmented shots, but giving the spectator a fluid sense of time, forwards and backwards, allowing the audience to see where the character is emotionally. This is firstly demonstrated when Soderbergh denotes a close up on Wilson, as he looks at the envelope stating Ed Roe and juxtaposes that with a medium shot of Edward. This could connote the genre to be a crime thriller where the protagonist constantly reflects on clues. The interesting part of these fragmentations occurs when the little girl is introduced. The spectator goes from seeing Wilson sitting in a hotel room smoking and the room looking lived in with nondiegetic chimes and diegetic humming. This is juxtaposed with an image of a little girl standing on the beach with light beaming in her eyes. Thus reflecting a mirror in the characters eyes, establishing a link between Wilsons constant reflection and the little girl possibly portraying Jenny, his daughter when younger. The overlapping humming could be part of this memory; maybe a nursery rhyme he sang when she was younger and he reflects on that, just as something reflects in the girls eyes. Another fragmented point is Wilson reflecting on Jenny in the car with Edward. This through a form of superimposed editing is filmed in a blue tint which clouds the footage just like the girl at the beach, making the audience look closer. However in the car shot there are vertical lighting strips, representing the image of shutters and connoting ideas of hiding the truth. At the same time establishing an ideological voyeuristic nature that wants the audience to find the truth just as Wilson does. This is then juxtaposed to a shot of Wilson looking at a photograph of his daughter, through a motif of light, which follows the whole extract, half is covered with shadow, linking her to Wilson, but also establishing her to have something to hide. The concluding footage is less fragmented establishing continuity, as Wilson tries to follow the clues the spectators and himself have been given linking them to Edward. This begins with Wilson in a taxi, heading somewhere in a big city denoted by background city lights. This leads the director to an objective point of view shot where the audience notice a car drive past speedily making them think Wilson is in there. However, the background denotes a person getting out of a car who spectators realise is the protagonist heading up to the house, shown to be Edwards. This is an interesting use of cinematography as the film illustrates the character from different points of view through both subjective and objective omniscient shots, making the audience feel they are actually seeking out his daughter, while ideologically demonstrating that nothing within this film is settled and everything is disrupted just like the fragmented shots. Soderbergh uses another sharp edit with no zoom, to have Edward open the door connoting the idea that he has one true mission and nothing will stop the protagonist. Through reversal shot techniques it is determined that characters have a conversation about Wilsons daughter, at the same time in the background of the medium close up with Edward we ironically see his children running round, thus allowing the audience to feel sympathy towards Wilson and his need for the truth. Finally the audience are invited into Edwards back garden where the truth appears, who done it then. Snuffed her establishing, she is definitely dead while connoting his mission for revenge to the spectator. This extract has used a varied amount of both conventional and unconventional techniques such as the amount of fragmentation used. However, through these techniques of mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing and sound, the spectator is able to identify with themes established by Soderbergh. Firstly, there is revenge, as Wilson is seeking the true answers to why his daughter died, resolving a sense of injustice, as through reflections of a little girls innocence is represented. Secondly, there is the theme of nostalgia established through the protagonist being around 50s and reflecting on his past through Soderberghs fragmented shots. Finally, another theme is that of Father and Daughter as through the fragments of his reflective memory we see both a little girl and a women but also by his facial expressions as a character the nature of pain, which he feels over her death, is very clear. Through all the techniques and ideological meanings illustrated Soderbergh is suggesting through the music that the genre is an action movie, representing a crime drama through the protagonist constantly reflecting on truths and clues.